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Classification of Hard and Soft Systems
Problem situations classified along two dimensions, according to Jackson and Keys (1984): complexity – number of of elements and their interactions divergence of values and interests Low complexity – few elements and well-defined, linear, stationary interactions. High complexity – many elements, many interrelationships, dynamic and not well-understood relationships in turbulent environment From systems viewpoint, envisage…
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Hard Systems – introduction
Systems Thinking has concept of Hard and Soft Systems as previously covered. Hard Systems traditional approach from 1930s. Soft Systems formalised by Peter Checkland in 1970s. Examples of Hard Systems approaches: traditional MS/OR RAND (developed around 1955) systems engineering system dynamics (developed 1956) Approaches based on following assumptions: Clearly defined problem Decision makers objectives are…
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Creating the “polls” Django app
From the online documentation… Projects vs Apps: An app is a web application that does something, a project is a collection of configuration and apps. A project can contain multiple apps and an app can be in multiple projects. Apps can live anywhere on the Python path. Creating the polls app 1) Create the app…
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Installing python and Django on Windows
Some notes on installing python amd Django on a Windows system. 1) download Anaconda3 (2.4.1) www.continuum.io/downloads * creates full phyton 3.5 environment with data analysis packages 2) check if django is installed C:\Users\john.knight>python -c “import django; print(django.get_version())” Traceback (most recent call last): File “<string>”, line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named django 3) check…
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Standard Development Lifecycle
1960s – first significant model developed – Standard Development Life Cycle (SDLC), also known as waterfall method. Splits software development process into stages: Requirements Analysis Design Build Test Implementation Maintenance Model has high level of abstraction – seven stages. No models have lower abstraction guiding development process. Has Systems Thinking approach – Maintenance loops back…
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Development Models Introduction
Will be discussing models used in Systems Engineering field with emphasis on software development process and role of models in Information Systems design. Specifically look at role models play in development of software-based systems. These models used across other engineering disciplines, original mnemonic SDLC stood for Standard Development Life Cycle. Software produced to support systems…
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Iteration
Important concept and practise. Repeat analysis process several times to identify/enhance facts, data and understanding. Iteration, along with different views, helps produce robust analysis.
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Activity Sequence Diagram
Also known as network diagram or critical path diagram. Show sequence of activities with linkages and dependencies. If critical path then timescales are involved.
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Flow Block Diagrams
Maps flow of processes. Focuses on elements/components involved in flow of materials or instructions.
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Decision Trees
Identifies options available and key choices. Analysis of complex decisions with significant uncertainty can be confusing because: the consequence that will result from selecting any specified decision alternative cannot be predicted with certainty. there are often large number of different factors that must be taken into account may be useful to consider possibility of reducing…
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